This general microbiology video gives a discussion of the meaning of the terms epidemic, endemic and pandemic in terms of numbers and distribution. The viruses that cause seasonal flu are like the ones from the past few years. By contrast, 21 million died over 4 years as a result of wwi. Global concern about the pandemic threat escalated in 20052008. There is a very minor difference between epidemic and a pandemic. Difference between epidemic and pandemic epidemic vs.
Centers for disease control cdc, government and other domestic and. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. The possibility of a worldwide influenza pandemic in the near future is of growing concern for many countries around the globe. Throughout history, there have been many pandemics, spreading infectious diseases such as smallpox and tuberculosis. Mental health and behavioral guidelines for response to a pandemic flu outbreak background on the mental health impact of natural disasters, including epidemics it is only relatively recently that attention has been focused on the mental health impact of disasters. Pandemic influenza occurs when a new, highly infectious strain of the influenza virus occurs. Use pdf export for high quality prints and svg export for large sharp images or embed your diagrams anywhere with the creately viewer.
This draft will be updated throughout the covid19 pandemic last update. Taking this likelihood into account, who first developed, after consultation with hundreds of international public health experts, a global pandemic preparedness plan in 1999 and then revised. Annual influenza epidemics follow a winter seasonal pattern in the united states with typical activity peaking during late december to early february. Mental health and behavioral guidelines for response to a. Both terms come from the greek language, the word epidemic is derived from the prefix epi, which means upon. Dec 15, 2010 pandemic vs epidemic in the current world where ebola virus is making headlines, knowing the difference between pandemic and epidemic can be of advantage. Feb 27, 2019 a pandemic is an epidemic disease that has spread across populations over vast areas such as continents or even globally. National action plan for pandemic influenza and new.
The speed at which an infectious disease spreads can topple entire economies, even governments. An epidemic is a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time. Pritish tosh adds, in epidemiologic terms, an outbreak refers to a number of cases that exceeds what would be expected. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the influenza pandemic of 1918 in the united states, its economic. An intense flu epidemic spreading across the nation has already taken a tragic toll in. Analytical methods for modeling pandemic flu the world bank april 25, 2007. Occurrence in a defined area of cases of an illness or other healthrelated event that goes far beyond the norm. Both terms come from the greek language, the word epidemic is derived from the prefix epi, which means upon or on top of, and the word demos, which means people. Containing pandemic and epidemic diseases in asia 6 measures, as well as disclosed accurate information on pandemic and epidemic diseases to its citizens. For many people, the idea of a global pandemic is too farfetched to take seriously. We have an opportunity to prepare ourselves, our nation, and our world to fight this potentially devastating outbreak of infectious disease. The terms endemic, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic indicate how common a condition is at a point in time relative to how common it was at an earlier time the terms endemic, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic are often used to describe infections, although conditions such as hypertension, cancer, violence, or even positive, beneficial behaviors can.
In the case of a pandemic, even more of the population is affected than in an epidemic. Travel and trade, rapid urbanization, limited access to health care as well as environmental degradation and other trends all create the conditions for epidemics to. Epidemics and pandemics are both words used to describe a disease spreading through the population. General use clean and safe water sources provision of safe drinking water is the most important prevention measure for many diseases. Although they convey the intuitive idea that a pandemic is a very. Infection prevention and control of epidemic and pandemic prone acute respiratory diseases in health care who interim guidelines 3 foreword the purpose of this document is to provide infection control guidance to help prevent the transmission. Patients with a typical clinical presentation or clear epidemic indications should receive clinical treatment and case management, even if pcr is negative at one or two time points. Infection prevention and control of epidemic and pandemic prone acute respiratory infections ix foreword this document is an update to the world health organization who interim guidelines infection prevention and control of epidemic and pandemic prone acute respiratory diseases in health care 2007. Protected by1 assessing global preparedness for the next pandemic. National strategy for pandemic influenza presents our approach to address the threat of pandemic influenza, whether it results from the strain currently in birds in asia or another. A pandemic is an epidemic that occurs over a wide area, such as multiple continents or the entire world, whereas an epidemic is an outbreak of disease that affects a disproportionately higher.
Pandemic influenza occurs when an influenza virus that was not previously circulating among people and to which most people have no immunity emerges and transmits among people. A pandemic occurs over large geographical areas usually worldwide and affects a high proportion of the population. Nov 14, 2017 knowing the meaning of pandemic helps you assess actual relevant risks. Contingency plan pandemic influenza planning scenario assumptions a pandemic may have multiple waves over the period of a year. Prepping is certainly not about panicking, it is quite the opposite, however, we should not confuse. Epidemic pandemic division of homeland security and. And i am delighted to have you join us today for our partner webinar entitled, commemorating 100 years since the 1918 flu pandemic. Netflixs pandemic highlights the need for a universal flu vaccineso. Its probably just included for completeness i dont know how likely it is we get that many cities back up and running in twelve months, but getting up to nine upgrades for. Precautionary health measures under the judgement of the library director or staff member in charge, the following shall be implemented as deemed necessary.
In 2009, the world watched as the pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus circulated the globe. This paper deals with an advanced analytical epidemic diffusion model which is capable to predict the status of epidemic impacts. A pandemic refers to a global epidemic one that has spread over several countries or continents affecting a large number of people. Many questions about its origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of its pathogenicity remain unanswered. An epidemic is where there are numerous breakouts of a single disease. And what is the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic. Flu pandemic contingency plan forging industry association. Englishfrancais the past two decades have witnessed changes in how humans live. Pandemic refers to an epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, usually affecting a large number of people. Whoeurope role of who in pandemic preparedness and response. Im nancy messonnier, director of the national center for immunization and respiratory diseases at cdc. During the past 3 weeks, new major epidemic foci of coronavirus disease 2019 covid19, some without traceable origin, have been identified and are rapidly expanding in europe, north america, asia, and the middle east, with the first confirmed cases being identified in african and latin american countries. Oct 01, 2009 modern definitions include extensively epidemic, epidemic over a very wide area and usually affecting a large proportion of the population 7, p.
Pcr should be an integral part of the routine diagnostic workup of sarscov2, especially in non endemic areas. Despite killing 675,000 people in the united states and 40 million worldwide, the influenza of 1918 has been nearly forgotten. The element dem in epidemic, endemic, and pandemic comes from the ancient greek word demos, which meant people or district. A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that affects large numbers of people throughout the world and spreads rapidly. As a reference, classic pandemic pandemic legacy season 1 have 48 cities 12 of each color. The pandemic intervals framework pif describes the progression of an influenza pandemic using six intervals. Apr 30, 2009 an epidemic that spreads over a very wide area, such as an entire country or continent. Many predictions of the economic and social costs of a modernday pandemic are based on the effects of the influenza pandemic of 1918. An epidemic is the rapid spread of a disease that affects some or many people in a community or region at the same time. Outbreaks, epidemics and pandemicswhat you need to know. Epidemic and pandemic editable venn diagram template on. Icm discussion paper global pandemics and global public.
Infection prevention and control of epidemic and pandemic. Assessing global preparedness for the next pandemic. This newly propose model well describes an epidemic growth and it could be widely applied into various topics including pathology, epidemiology, business and data sciences. But then it dropped rapidly, especially when the 2009 h1n1 flu pandemic fortunately turned out to be less disruptive than many flu seasons. Both endemic and epidemic are diseases though endemic is a disease that is common to a particular are while epidemic is an outbreak of a disease in an area. Plague is a zoonotic disease with severe clinical presentations caused by the bacterium yersinia. Methods of transmission a pandemic isnt a pandemic, by definition, unless it spreads. Pdf sarscov2 virus and covid19 pandemic originally. An act to provide for the better prevention of the spread of dangerous epidemic diseases. The terms epidemic and pandemic usually refer to the rate of infection, the area that is affected or both. Cdc programs protect the united states from seasonal influenza, as well as pandemic influenza which occurs when a new flu virus emerges that can infect people and spread globally.
Pandemic epidemic affecting a large number of people, many countries, continents, or regions. Between the years 1918 and1920, influenza raged around the globe in the worst pandemic in recorded history, killing at least fifty million people, more than half a million of them americans. Protect water sources from contamination by animals and wastewater. Related stories impact of covid19 on pregnancy and breastfed infants. Id bet that ends up being the final number of possible cities here too. Pdf importance of diagnostics in epidemic and pandemic. Learn the basics about the spread of serious diseases and what you can do to protect yourself, your family, and your community. Sep 27, 2014 a pandemic occurs when an infectious disease runs rampant throughout a large region or, in the case of the great spanish epidemic of 1918, the whole world. Investigation and management of epidemicprone diseases. Difference between pandemic and epidemic compare the. American pandemic the lost worlds of the 1918 influenza. The public health implications of the pandemic therefore remain in doubt. Many predictions of the economic and social costs of a modernday influenza pandemic are based on the effects of the influenza pandemic of 1918.
Pandemic flu seasonal flu getting a flu shot or the nasal spray each year is the best way to protect yourself from seasonal flu. Mar 21, 2020 unfortunately, since the virus has now affected more than 2,00,000 people worldwide, is in more than 144 countries, and is almost on every continent, covid19 meets the general criteria for pandemic. Influenza poses one of the worlds greatest infectious disease challenges. American pandemic the lost worlds of the 1918 influenza epidemic pdf. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 463k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Epidemic and pandemic people procedure l0hmrpro068 thversion. If humantohuman transmissibility is efficient, many of these microorganisms could have epidemic or even a pandemic potential 1 2 3456. A pandemic is when there is an outbreak that affects most of the world. Provide tissues and hand sanitizer to staff and in public areas. An epidemic that has spread over several countries or continents, affecting a large number of people. The word pandemic is a greek word, with pan meaning all and demos meaning people.
Whats the difference between an epidemic and a pandemic. A pandemic, on the other hand, is when the disease starts to spread on a larger scale than an epidemic. This report begins by providing a brief historical back. Pandemics and national security 101 one wellknown example is the effect of the black plague on medieval europe, setting civilization back a few centuries as the continent struggled to recoup. Nov 04, 2016 this general microbiology video gives a discussion of the meaning of the terms epidemic, endemic and pandemic in terms of numbers and distribution. Creately diagrams can be exported and added to word, ppt powerpoint, excel, visio or any other document. Pandemic legacy season 2 rule book pdf up on zman website. These intervals provide a common method to describe pandemic activity which. A clear excess in the number of cases of a given disease over the expected level i. Pandemics and epidemics todays interconnected world makes it easier for diseases to spread rapidly, and over great distances.
Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Additional terms can be used to describe endemic diseases according to their frequency of occurrence. Major epidemic and pandemic diseases mitigate risks. It differs from an outbreak or epidemic because it. Refer to metro intranet for the latest version page 1 of 12 approval.
Epidemic pandemic and early intervention special leave types will be paid at ordinary time, prorata. In 2009, a new strain of influenza virus, 2009ah1n1pdm, emerged. Slowing the spread of pandemic disease there is no foolproof method for preventing the spread of disease during an influenza outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic. Malaria is endemic to many parts of africa while a viral infection may take on epidemic proportions in a particular country at a given point of time.
More recent pandemics include the hivaids pandemic and the pandemic h1n1 influenza 2009, commonly known as swine flu. Surveillance recommendations for the post pandemic period. Pandemic intervals framework pif pandemic influenza flu. Occurs when a common source epidemic is followed by persontoperson contact and the disease is spread. A pandemic from greek pan all and demos people is an epidemic of disease that has spread across a large region. Role of who in pandemic preparedness and response influenza is one of the most likely viruses to cause a pandemic the worldwide spread of an epidemic. Pandemic influenza is an acute viral disease of the respiratory tract. An epidemic is defined as an illness or healthrelated issue that is showing up in more cases than would normally be expected. Therefore, how to survive a pandemic is the last thing on their mind. This framework is used to guide influenza pandemic planning and provides recommendations for risk assessment, decisionmaking, and action in the united states. Infectious diseases including pandemic influenza which are specified in article. The drop in concern reinforced four pandemic myths, creating a challenge box.
Pandemic period 12 august 2010 purpose the purpose of surveillance in the post pandemic period is to provide information that will enable timely epidemic or pandemic detection, inform health policy decisions and influenza management strategies, and guide influenza vaccine development and prioritization. By march 16, 2020, the number of cases of covid19 outside china had. By far the greatest threat for a pandemic continues to come from influenza viruses, such as the h1n1 virus that caused an epidemic starting in 2009. Flu viruses change constantly, from season to season and sometimes during the season. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Manual on investigation and management of epidemic prone diseases in ethiopia 3 endemic in a population at any frequency level, provided that it occurs with predictable regularity. Similarly, new infections among neonates and infants have decreased from a peak of. Rating is available when the video has been rented. Centers for disease control and prevention cdc worked with manufacturers to. The whos classification of pandemic phases is actually based on influenza outbreaks. Many emergency departments, clinics, and physician offices were filled with symptomatic patients and the worried well as public health and emergency management agencies modified. Although a vaccine is not likely to be available at first, today it is easier to produce specific vaccines more quickly than in the past. The infectious diseases covered by the national action plan hereinafter referred to as pi, which is a short for pandemic influenza, etc. Previously, concerns related to immediate physical health and community.
Difference between epidemic and pandemic epidemic vs pandemic. The beginning of an epidemic may be described as an outbreak. Epidemic is an outbreak of a contagious disease that spreads rapidly and extensively and affecting many individuals simultaneously in an area or a population. Difference between endemic and epidemic compare the. The library should plan for staff being unable to report to work in the event of a serious infectious disease outbreak. Epidemic pandemic policy purpose to establish a protocol that will be used in the event of an epidemic pandemic or other public health emergency. Avian influenza, cholera, ebola, plague, yellow fever, meningitis, mers, influenza, zika, rift valley fever, lassa fever, leptospirosis, etc. Whereas it is expedient to provide for the better prevention of the spread of dangerous epidemic disease. A pandemic is basically a global epidemic an epidemic that spreads to more than one continent, says dan epstein, a spokesman for the pan american health organization, a regional office of the. Each wave should last approximately 68 weeks, with a peak period of two to four weeks during each pandemic wave, 2050 percent of workforce may be unable to report to work for two to six weeks. This pandemic epidemic plan referred to as the plan was developed utilizing materials and best practices from a number of resources including pandemic planning recommendations from the world health organization who, u. Lately, talk of epidemics and pandemics frequent the headlines. In addition, a look at national pandemic and epidemic response plans suggest that, among asian countries, japan has been the most effective in preparedness planning as well as specific measures.